As Nigeria gears up for its next general election, the political landscape continues to be shaped by self-interest and the pursuit of power. This phenomenon is particularly evident in Rivers State, where the ongoing rivalry between former Governor Nyesom Wike and current Governor Siminalayi Fubara serves as a striking example of the complexities defining the country’s democracy.
Political theorist Hans J. Morgenthau’s principles of political realism suggest that state behaviour is often driven by self-interest and a relentless quest for power. The intense competition for control between Wike and Fubara underscores how deeply entrenched these dynamics are within Nigerian politics.
Democracy, ideally meant to serve the collective good, often falters in practice. In Rivers State, the influence of special interests and powerful political ‘godfathers’ complicates the democratic process. This leads to a landscape where accountability and transparency can be eclipsed by personal ambition and financial clout.
The current turbulence in Rivers State, particularly surrounding efforts to impeach Governor Fubara and his deputy, and the consequent imposition of a state of emergency and suspension of the Governor and the State Assembly, illustrates the destabilizing effects of political patronage. Recent legal disputes, including the affirmation of 27 Rivers lawmakers’ positions and Supreme Court decisions regarding local government tenure, have contributed to intensifying existing political tensions. Allegations of misconduct and financial impropriety against Governor Fubara further expose the challenges of corruption within the patronage system.
The looming general election brings a mix of apprehension and hope as the specter of godfatherism continues to impact political dynamics. In this pervasive system, influential figures manipulate electoral processes and exert disproportionate control over political appointments and policies, often prioritizing their interests over public welfare. Aspiring politicians frequently find themselves forced to forge alliances with these figures, undermining their accountability to the electorate.
The Master of Godfatherism was Alhaji Lamidi Adedibu, the “Strongman of Ibadan Politics,” whose influence extended beyond a mere local power struggle, offering a revealing lens through which to examine the wider consequences of patronage systems within Nigerian politics. His considerable influence, rooted in a complex web of alliances and resource distribution, fundamentally shaped Oyo State’s political climate, particularly during the governorship of his protégé, Rasheed Ladoja, in 2003.
This period, and the subsequent acrimonious falling out between Adedibu and Ladoja over financial control, serves as a potent illustration of the inherent volatility and potential for destabilization within patronage-based relationships. It highlights how such systems, while seemingly offering stability through reciprocal favors, can quickly devolve into conflict when competing interests clash.
In essence, the Adedibu narrative transcends a local anecdote, offering a valuable case study for understanding the broader challenges facing Nigerian democracy and the enduring impact of patronage on its political landscape. It provides a sobering reminder of the need for reforms that promote transparency, accountability, and the rule of law to move towards a more equitable and stable political environment.
Furthermore, several high-profile cases illuminate the wider implications of this phenomenon:
The Ngige Crisis The political turmoil in Anambra State, involving Governor Chris Ngige and his alleged godfather, Chris Uba, exposed egregious electoral malpractice, culminating in Ngige’s purported kidnapping and a forced resignation attempt. This incident illustrated the chilling lengths to which godfathers will go to maintain dominance.
The abduction of Chris Ngige took place on July 10, 2003. He was reportedly seized by a group of political power brokers and held for over twelve hours in Awka, the state capital.
Ngige had publicly accused Chris Uba, a prominent politician in the state, of orchestrating his abduction. However, Andy Uba, Chris Uba’s brother and a former gubernatorial candidate, denied any involvement in the kidnapping.
The abduction was widely condemned, triggering a political crisis within the state. The incident also raised concerns regarding the safety and security of government officials in Nigeria.
Ngige characterized his abduction as a “civilian coup” and spoke publicly about the traumatic experience. The incident remains a significant event in Nigeria’s political history.
The Saraki Dynasty The Saraki Dynasty’s influence on Kwara State politics presents a complex and intriguing phenomenon. At its core is the patriarch, Dr. Abubakar Olusola Saraki, who established the dynasty over four decades ago. During his tenure as a senator in Nigeria’s Second Republic (1979-1983), Saraki cultivated an extensive patronage network, which formed the bedrock of the dynasty’s enduring influence.
The Saraki family’s hold on Kwara State politics was further cemented when Olusola’s son, Bukola Saraki, assumed the governorship in 2003, serving two terms. This marked the commencement of a near two-decade period of dominance, during which the Saraki family installed elective office holders and exerted significant control over state politics. However, the dynasty’s influence began to wane in 2019, with the emergence of the “O to ge” movement, roughly translating to “Enough is Enough.”
Tony Anenih – Mr. Fix It Tony Anenih, often referred to as “Mr. Fix It,” left an indelible mark on Nigeria’s political landscape. As a seasoned politician and influential broker, he played a pivotal role in shaping the country’s democratic processes. However, his legacy also raises important concerns about the potential dangers of prioritizing personal relationships over democratic values.
Anenih’s career spanned several decades, encompassing notable positions such as Minister of Works and Housing, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP), and National Chairman of the Social Democratic Party (SDP). His adept navigation of complex political situations earned him the moniker “Mr. Fix It.”
In conclusion, the political turmoil in Rivers State highlights the systemic challenges plaguing Nigerian democracy, where power struggles and patronage networks dominate the political landscape. As the nation approaches the next general election, the urgent need for reform becomes increasingly apparent. Tackling the deeply ingrained issues of corruption, electoral malpractice, and the overwhelming influence of political godfathers will require not only strong leadership but also an engaged and informed citizenry ready to demand accountability from their leaders.
While the path to a more transparent and equitable political system in Nigeria may be fraught with challenges, the momentum for change is building. Civic activism, combined with a commitment to integrity in public service, could pave the way for a renewed democratic ethos that ultimately prioritizes the welfare of the people over individual ambitions. Only through concerted efforts can Nigeria hope to overcome the legacies of patronage and move towards a more resilient and representative democracy.
Leman is the Former National Secretary of the Nigeria Union of Journalists shuaibuusmanleman@yahoo.com
